Patents citations from Pubmed Scientific publications

A recently released dataset from Marx, Matt; Aaron Fuegi contains citations from USPTO patents granted 1947-2018 to articles captured by the MS Academic Graph (ID) from 1800-2018.

Files, tab-separated, are available at link : https://zenodo.org/record/3338601

The main file, pcs.tsv, contains the resolved citations matching patent number, MAG ID, the original citation from the patent, an indicator for whether the citation was supplied by the applicant, examiner, or unknown, and a confidence score (1-10) indicating how likely this match is correct.

There is also a PubMed-specific match in pcs-pubmed.tsv.

Authors also made availabel source code for generating the patent citations to science in pcs.tsv is available at https://github.com/mattmarx/reliance_on_science. Source code for generating jif.zip and jcif.zip (Journal Impact Factor and Journal Commercial Impact Factor) is at https://github.com/mattmarx/jcif.

Scripts and programs are mainly for stata & linux (DO files and sh scripts).

 

Citation generating authority in Patstat

Table TLS212 in Patstat includes a filed named CITN_GENER_AUTH that is ment to contain, for those offices who have no examiners, the reference to the authority who genereate the citation.

Patstat data handbook describes it in this way:

Name: Identification of International Search Authority (ISA) for PCT search reports (incl. supplementary search reports)
Also Known As: n/a
Description: Country code identifying the patent authority performing the International Search Report.

DOCDB-XML contains the generating authority for examiner citations in WO publications. This field in DOCDB will be better populated using the data file provided by WIPO and shown in the usage example above. These fields will be loaded into column CITN_GENER_AUTH in PATSTAT table TLS212_CITATION.
The column CITN_GENER_AUTH will not be populated for other citations, only ISA ones.
If a WO publication has no citations by examiners, then the ISA will not be traceable. This is not a problem, as it only affects a small percentage of the total.

In reality , if we run a count of distinct CITN_GENER_AUTH over all patent origins we find:

APL	1
APP	1
CH2	1
EXA	1
FOP	1
ISR	19
OPP	1
PRS	1
SEA	20
SUP	3
TPO	1

Thus also SEA origin can have multiple generating autorities (for WO only)

SEA	'WO'	'AT'	40305
SEA	'WO'	'AU'	226899
SEA	'WO'	'BR'	7803
SEA	'WO'	'CA'	68975
SEA	'WO'	'CN'	336595
SEA	'WO'	'EG'	25
SEA	'WO'	'EP'	7042821
SEA	'WO'	'ES'	57180
SEA	'WO'	'FI'	21923
SEA	'WO'	'IL'	4657
SEA	'WO'	'IN'	344
SEA	'WO'	'JP'	1453032
SEA	'WO'	'KR'	551079
SEA	'WO'	'RU'	65639
SEA	'WO'	'SE'	315066
SEA	'WO'	'SU'	6100
SEA	'WO'	'US'	1629423
SEA	'WO'	'XN'	4336

So the field is meaningless for all but WO, where it contains both for IPR and SEA origin, data.

it is also worthy recall all citation origins here:

APP citations introduced by the applicant

SEA citations introduced during search (from Search Report)

ISR citations from the International Search Report

SUP citations from the Supplementary Search Report

PRS "PRe-Search" citations (available before official publication)

EXA citations introduced during examination

OPP citations introduced during opposition (citations by opponent published with a European Patent Specification (EP-B2))

APL citations introduced when filed for appeal by applicant / proprietor / patentee

FOP citations introduced when filed opposition by any third party after the publication of a European Patent Specification (EP- B1)

TPO citations introduced because of Third Party Observations (Art 115 EPC)

CH2 citations introduced during the Chapter 2 phase of the PCT

About citations category

Patstat table tsl215_citn_categ stores the category of the citation, as mentioned in serch report.

Among these categories, the most relevant are:

X - particularly relevant if taken alone
Y - particularly relevant if combined with another document of the same category
A - technological background
O - non-written disclosure
P - intermediate document
T - theory or principle underlying the invention
E - earlier patent document, but published on, or after the filing date
D - document cited in the application
L - document cited for other reasons

However, the coverage of this information is limited :  if we do a scan by generating autority, we get that over 77% of it come from EPO (both for EP and pct applications); the rest from other patent offices

	A	D	E	F	I	L	O	P	T	X	Y	total	%
AT	24089	69	127		5	3		720	30	11973	3931	40947	0,16%
AU	79480	82	488		1	679	145	11660	280	131733	25675	250223	0,98%
BR	4832	38	16			10	4	218	9	2860	2322	10309	0,04%
CA	42347	30	239			167	38	4007	138	26258	16969	90193	0,35%
CH	1837	75	13					3	1	978	990	3897	0,02%
CL	25							2		9	19	55	0,00%
CN	260486	131	4741		11	128	2	40001	63	124913	69241	499717	1,96%
EG	10							1		21	10	42	0,00%
EP	8818087	1261537	142562	1	397060	19971	2221	537680	43334	5735892	2744789	19703134	77,43%
ES	41571	100	101			15	8	1179	3	16579	8263	67819	0,27%
FI	14889	32	137			50	4	876	60	11336	3278	30662	0,12%
IL	3201		6			7	1	205	18	2721	2679	8838	0,03%
IN	371	1	1					39	1	454	987	1854	0,01%
JP	769632	37	12077			107	58	55516	974	323363	595207	1756971	6,90%
KR	515906	44	985		2	19	8	5925	417	85944	111552	720802	2,83%
RU	49714	451	81		15		5	275	16	8424	19953	78934	0,31%
SE	207835	413	1927			168	21	11091	177	76705	37430	335767	1,32%
SU	5105		19					30	4	42	335	5535	0,02%
US	637559	276	21001			555	250	94045	3963	342685	692237	1792571	7,04%
XN	4044	107	35			2		143	6	1533	707	6577	0,03%
blank	15721	1780	1108		2854	101	1	5374	501	10579	5090	43109	0,17%
	11496741	1265203	185664	1	399948	21982	2766	768990	49995	6915002	4341664	25447956

 Thus the coverage for this info can be considered complete only for EP patents.